The Netherlands has traditionally been strong in industrial mathematics, due to the presence of a number of large research laboratories of renowned international companies such as Unilever, Philips, ASML, Thales, Shell, and Tata Steel, and research institutes like TNO, CWI, ECN and many more. The 4TU Applied Mathematics Institute is a joint initiative of the individual mathematics departments of the four technical universities in The Netherlands which develops new mathematical methods in modeling, simulation, and optimization for real world processes in all key technology areas.